Sambo is an up-and-coming grappling-focused martial art with Russian roots.
Like Jiu Jitsu, Sambo has a lot of appeal and is experiencing impressive growth since its gain in popularity in the US in the early 2000s. Wikipedia describes Sambo as a “modern martial art, combat sport and self-defense system” and broadly categorizes it as a “grappling/mixed martial arts style” of self defense.
Because Sambo has a lot of appeal to students of Jiu Jitsu and other grappling-focused martial arts, I reached out to Stephen Koepfer, president of the American Sambo Association, to get up to speed with Sambo and how it compares with Jiu Jitsu.
Thanks to Steve for answering my questions.
I have attempted to give a general introduction to Sambo. Did I miss anything?
I would add that besides the basic facts of where, when, and why Sambo was created, Sambo is a pretty broad term. Like the word “Karate” which encompasses many different styles, the word “Sambo” covers a wide variety of flavors, styles, and approaches. Sambo does not mean simply one thing.
You may have five different Sambo clubs that go about things five different ways and practice five different approaches to training. Of course there are common denominators, but you may have a combat Sambo club which mainly focuses on practical application such as the military style. You may have a club that is purely sport oriented and only trains throwing and grappling. You may have a competitive combat Sambo club which focuses on MMA type of competition. There may also be combinations of these. To consider Sambo as one specific thing is misleading.
Common to most Sambo clubs, however (I have trained in all these variants), is the lack of formality and utilitarian approach to training. It is very different from the experience in most of most martial arts originating from Asia. You don’t see bowing, titles, ranks, and all that sort of thing. It is a much more casual environment where people simply come to bust their butts in training. It is much more akin to a wrestling club in that respect.
If a Jiu Jitsu student were to take up training at a typical Sambo academy, what are some things that may be most surprising to him or her?
I find that the lack of formality is one thing that sticks out to cross-over students. Some people feel really freed up by it. Others seem to need the rank structure and formality.
In terms of technique and training, it depends on the club. At our club, many BJJ folks comment on the aggressiveness and quickness of the game, different ways of using movement and body weight, and importantly, the different way to play the game because of differences in rules.
The throwing and leg lock game usually brings most BJJ guys in the door, but they are often surprised that we do chokes too and that Sambo is more than throws and leg locks. It is a real misrepresentation to say that Sambo does not include choking. But, again, if a club is purely sport Sambo oriented, they may focus less on chokes. However, just about every US club I know practices choking.
I think the approach to training often seems backwards to many BJJ guys that train with us. Sometimes they may be used to a “here’s a submission, now go roll and practice it” type of approach. We focus much more on movement before itemizing a list of submissions. We train submissions and situational sparring, of course, but the idea is that you have to move properly first. We focus very much on improvisation and flow; learning to identify openings for submissions improvisationally while rolling, not hunting for a particular submission when you are a noob. We don’t want people submission hunting and missing other opportunities that may be staring them in the face. The idea is that if you can’t move properly and sense how another person moves in your space, you will not nail any submissions.
It is a different story when you are advanced and have learned what your go-to submissions are. It is the advanced guys who can either nail a submission on you even when you know what they are going for, or be able to nail a submission from any position they happen to find themselves in. You have to be able to do both.
Jiu Jitsu grew from Judo, which obviously is about throwing your opponent to the ground. From there, Jiu Jitsu focuses on grappling and ground fighting. Does Sambo also have a common set of techniques or strategies for taking the opponent to the ground?
Well, I would say that we want to throw people right into a solid position. I always say that a throw is not complete until you have position on the mat (in sport circumstances). The worst thing to do is nail a sweet throw and lose the guy on the mat. Therefore, we always train throws in combination with follow-up positions.
In terms of techniques, I would say we have many similar throws to judo, but we also have more wrestling style takedowns. Our angles of attacks are also bit different.
Jiu Jitsu seems to benefit from interest MMA, where Jiu Jitsu is commonly discussed by commentators and trained-in by fighters. Do you see same thing happening for Sambo, or has it already begun?
Yes, for sure. But, I have to say that it irks me when I see commentators call every solid throw or sub “good Jiu Jitsu”…even if the fighter never trained Jiu Jitsu before. The term Jiu Jitsu has become synonomous for general grappling in my opinion. Most fans can’t tell the difference. This is starting to change, however, with guys like Fedor Emelianenko coming into common fan awareness. Some commentators who are more educated, like Bas Rutten for example, will note differences, but most just call all the grappling they see “Jiu Jitsu”.
What are some popular Sambo moves or techniques to search for online at places like Youtube or Vimeo to get a taste of what Sambo looks like? Do you recommend any online resources to learn more about Sambo or find places to train?
I would suggest the series of videos I filmed for expert village.
- Basics:
- http://www.expertvillage.com/interviews/Sambo-beginner.htm
- Advanced:
- http://www.expertvillage.com/interviews/advanced-Sambo.htm
- Sambo combinations:
- http://www.expertvillage.com/video-series/4424_Sambo-strikes.htm
For techniques, event, and training footage, you can also visit my youtube page: www.youtube.com/usSambo.
For info on Sambo, you can visit the American Sambo Association (ASA) forum at www.worldwidegrappling.com or the ASA website at www.usSambo.com.
Anything else?
Thanks for the opportunity to talk with you. I would add that I don’t think Sambo, or BJJ, or catch, or judo, etc., is better than the other. I really believe students need to find a coach and training method that works best for them. And of course, cross train. No system has everything, so get what you can get from wherever you can get it!

pic credit(s):
Pictures are courtesy of Stephen Koepfer of the American Sambo Association.
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